Mengarustamakan Pendekatan HAM Dalam Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup di Asia Tenggara: Bagaimana AICHR Memainkan Peran?

I Made Budi Arsika, Dian Islamiati Utami Ningsih

Abstract


ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) telah mengadakan Pertemuan ke-36 dan ke-37 pada tahun 2023 dalam membahas permasalahan lingkungan hidup di kawasan ASEAN dengan upaya pembentukan ASEAN Environmental Rights Working Group (AER WG) yang berpijak pada Pasal 28, Pasal 35, Pasal 36, dan Pasal 37  ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD). Sejatinya, ASEAN belum memiliki suatu institusi khusus untuk penanganan isu lingkungan hidup. Oleh karena itu, ASEAN berkomitmen untuk mewujudkan pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) secara utuh dengan mengimplementasikan juga Resolusi Majelis Umum PBB No. A/RES/76/300 dan Resolusi Dewan HAM PBB No. 48/13. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan analisis dan konseptual hukum, dan pendekatan fakta. Hasil penelitian ini adalah HAM dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup memiliki sinergisitas dengan adanya hak dan kewajiban yang diatur di dalam suatu hukum. Sehubungan dengan itu, terdapat perubahan paradigma akibat perubahan iklim yang masif terhadap perluasan makna dan pengakuan dari hak lingkungan yang bersih menjadi hak lingkungan hidup yang aman, sehat, bersih, dan berkelanjutan. Perubahan tersebut juga mendorong ASEAN untuk mengimplementasikan AHRD secara maksimal. Akan tetapi, pada faktanya ASEAN belum optimal melaksanakan karena masih ada peraturan yang belum terkoordinir di dalam AHRD. Oleh sebab itu, ASEAN melalui AICHR telah memetakan Five Year Work Plan (FYWP) 2021 – 2025 yang berisi pendekatan HAM berbasis lingkungan hidup. Kondisi saat ini, AICHR telah mencoba untuk memaksimalkan aktualisasi hak atas lingkungan hidup meskipun masih di tahap awal melalui AER WG. Adapun kesimpulan penulisan ini  adalah AER WG menjadi salah satu alat AICHR mengarustamakan pendekatan HAM terhadap perlindungan lingkungan hidup.

Keywords


Hak Asasi Manusia; Lingkungan Hidup; AICHR

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/sc.v31i2.3845

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