ARBITRASE SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BAGI UMKM

Abstract

Abstrak Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional, namun sering kali menghadapi kendala dalam menyelesaikan sengketa bisnis secara efektif dan terjangkau. Arbitrase sebagai bentuk alternatif penyelesaian sengketa non-litigasi menawarkan sejumlah keunggulan, seperti sifatnya yang privat, cepat, final, dan mengikat. Namun, biaya dan kompleksitas prosedur arbitrase konvensional menjadi hambatan tersendiri bagi pelaku UMKM. Tulisan ini membahas potensi pemanfaatan Arbitrase Jalur Cepat atau Fast Track Arbitration dan Arbitrase Elektronik atau e-Arbitrationsebagai mekanisme yang lebih adaptif dan inklusif untuk UMKM di Indonesia. Fast Track Arbitration menawarkan proses yang lebih cepat dan hemat biaya melalui penghapusan tahapan administratif tertentu dan penggunaan arbiter tunggal. Sementara itu, e-Arbitration menghadirkan efisiensi melalui pelaksanaan proses secara daring, sejalan dengan perkembangan digitalisasi dan kebutuhan akan akses lintas batas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis kerangka hukum arbitrase nasional serta praktik internasional seperti kerangka ODR APEC. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia perlu segera mengadopsi mekanisme arbitrase yang lebih responsif bagi pelaku UMKM, baik melalui pengaturan Fast Track Arbitration maupun integrasi prosedur persidangan elektronik dalam sistem arbitrase nasional. Kata Kunci: Arbitrase, UMKM, Arbitrase Jalur Cepat, Arbitrase Elektronik. Abstract Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in national economic development, yet they often face challenges in accessing effective and affordable dispute resolution mechanisms. Arbitration, as a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), offers key advantages such as confidentiality, speed, finality, and binding outcomes. However, the costs and procedural complexity of conventional arbitration often hinder MSMEs from utilizing this mechanism. This paper explores the potential of Fast Track Arbitration and e-Arbitration as more inclusive and adaptive solutions for resolving MSME-related disputes in Indonesia. Fast Track Arbitration provides a quicker and more cost-efficient process by eliminating certain administrative steps and employing a sole arbitrator. Meanwhile, e-Arbitration enhances efficiency by conducting proceedings online, aligning with current trends in digitalization and the need for cross-border access. This study employs a normative juridical approach, analyzing both the national legal framework and international practices, such as the APEC ODR Framework. The findings indicate that Indonesia must promptly adopt more responsive arbitration mechanisms tailored to the needs of MSMEs, through the formal recognition of Fast Track Arbitration and the integration of electronic proceedings into the national arbitration system. Keywords: Arbitration, MSMEs, Fast Track Arbitration, E-Arbitration.