Implikasi Hukum Penarikan Tanda Tangan Rusia dari Statuta Roma: Pelanggaran Terhadap Pasal 18 VCLT

Novrita Nadila Humaira

Abstract


Rusia adalah salah satu negara penandatangan Statuta Roma. Pada tahun 2016, pemerintahan Rusia melalui Bylaw No. 361-RP menyatakan bahwa Rusia tidak berkeinginan untuk meratifikasi Statuta Roma. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Rusia secara mutatis mutandis menarik tanda tangannya dari Statuta Roma. Perbuatan Rusia tersebut menimbulkan implikasi yuridis dalam hukum perjanjian internasional. Implikasi tersebut muncul akibat keberadaan Pasal 18 VCLT 1969 yang mewajibkan negara penandatangan untuk menjauhkan diri dari segala perbuatan yang dapat menggagalkan tercapainya objek dan tujuan dari sebuah perjanjian internasional in casu Statuta Roma. Statuta Roma sebagai law-making treaty berupa perjanjian internasional hak asasi memiliki karakteristik khusus yang menyebabkan cakupan Pasal 18 VCLT 1969 terkait pengaplikasiannya terhadap perjanjian internasional sejenis menjadi lebih luas. Oleh karena itu, Rusia dapat dikatakan telah melanggar Pasal 18 VCLT 1969. Hal tersebut didasari oleh 2 (dua) alasan, yaitu politik hukum Rusia terhadap Statuta Roma memberikan legitimate expectation bagi negara pihak Statuta Roma lainnya dan perbuatan penarikan tanda tangan Rusia menyebabkan objek dan tujuan Statuta Roma tidak tercapai. Terhadap pelanggaran tersebut, Rusia harus bertanggung jawab berdasarkan Pasal 37 ARSIWA. Pertanggungjawaban tersebut dapat Rusia lakukan dengan cara tetap menjalankan obligasi sementara yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 18 VCLT 1969 terhadap kasus dalam ICC yang terjadi periode waktu 13 September 2000 sampai 16 November 2016, di mana Rusia harus menjalankan ketentuan Bagian 9 Statuta Roma mengenai Kerja sama Internasional


Keywords


Penarikan Tanda Tangan; Pasal 18 VCLT 1969; Rusia; Statuta Roma

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/sc.v28i2.940

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