Implikasi Hukum Penarikan Tanda Tangan Rusia dari Statuta Roma: Pelanggaran Terhadap Pasal 18 VCLT
Abstract
Rusia adalah salah satu negara penandatangan Statuta Roma. Pada tahun 2016, pemerintahan Rusia melalui Bylaw No. 361-RP menyatakan bahwa Rusia tidak berkeinginan untuk meratifikasi Statuta Roma. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Rusia secara mutatis mutandis menarik tanda tangannya dari Statuta Roma. Perbuatan Rusia tersebut menimbulkan implikasi yuridis dalam hukum perjanjian internasional. Implikasi tersebut muncul akibat keberadaan Pasal 18 VCLT 1969 yang mewajibkan negara penandatangan untuk menjauhkan diri dari segala perbuatan yang dapat menggagalkan tercapainya objek dan tujuan dari sebuah perjanjian internasional in casu Statuta Roma. Statuta Roma sebagai law-making treaty berupa perjanjian internasional hak asasi memiliki karakteristik khusus yang menyebabkan cakupan Pasal 18 VCLT 1969 terkait pengaplikasiannya terhadap perjanjian internasional sejenis menjadi lebih luas. Oleh karena itu, Rusia dapat dikatakan telah melanggar Pasal 18 VCLT 1969. Hal tersebut didasari oleh 2 (dua) alasan, yaitu politik hukum Rusia terhadap Statuta Roma memberikan legitimate expectation bagi negara pihak Statuta Roma lainnya dan perbuatan penarikan tanda tangan Rusia menyebabkan objek dan tujuan Statuta Roma tidak tercapai. Terhadap pelanggaran tersebut, Rusia harus bertanggung jawab berdasarkan Pasal 37 ARSIWA. Pertanggungjawaban tersebut dapat Rusia lakukan dengan cara tetap menjalankan obligasi sementara yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 18 VCLT 1969 terhadap kasus dalam ICC yang terjadi periode waktu 13 September 2000 sampai 16 November 2016, di mana Rusia harus menjalankan ketentuan Bagian 9 Statuta Roma mengenai Kerja sama Internasional
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
BUKU
Anthony, Aust. (2007). Modern Treaty Law and Practice. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Curtis, A. Bradley. (2012). Treaty Signature dalam The Oxford Guide to Treaties. Hollis, Duncan B. (ed). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
I, Wayan Parthiana. (2005). Hukum Perjanjian Internasional Bagian 2. Bandung: Mandar Maju.
Laurence, Boission de Chazournes et.al. (2011). Conclusion of Treaties dalam The Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary. Corten, Olivier dan Pierre Klein (eds). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Laurence, R. Helfer. (2012). Terminating Treaties dalam The Oxford Guide of Treaties. Hollis, Duncan. (ed). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Mark, E. Villiger. (2009). Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Martin, A. Rogoff. (2017). The International Legal Obligations of Signatories to an Unratified Treaty dalam The Law of Treaties. Davidson, Scott (ed). United States: University of Maine.
Oliver, Dörr dan Kirsten Schmalenbach. (2012). Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: A Commentary. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Palchetti, Paolo. (2011). Article 18 of the 1969 Vienna Convention: A Vague and Ineffective Obligation or a Useful Means for Strengthening Legal Cooperation? dalam The Law of Treaties Beyond the Vienna Convention.. Cannizzaro, Enzo. (ed). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
ARTIKEL JURNAL
Bagdavadze, Giorgi. Russia’s Obligation Not to Defeat Object and Purpose of Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, Volume 79 Nomor 1 2018.
Bradley, Curtis A. Unratified Treaties, Domestic Politics, and the U.S. Constitution. Harvard International Law Journal, Volume 48 Nomor 2 Desember 2007.
Brolmann, Catherine. Law-Making Treaties: Form and Function in International Law. Nordic Journal of International Law, Volume 74 Nomor 3 Januari 2009
Charme, JS. The Interim Obligation of Article 18 on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: Making Sense of an Enigma. George Washington Journal of International Law, Volume 25 Nomor 2 1991.
Danileko, Gennady M. The Statute of the International Criminal Court and Third States. Michigan Journal of International Law, Volume 21 Nomor 3 2000.
Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. On the Protection of Human Rights, the Rome Statute, and Reservations to Multilateral Treaties. Singapore Year Book of International Law, Volume 10 Nomor 1 2006.
Gragl, Paul dan Malgosia Fitzmaurice. The Legal Character of Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Volume 68 Nomor 3 Juli 2019.
Keohane, Robert O. Reciprocity in International Relations. International Organization, Volume 40 Nomor 1 1986.
Klabbers, Jan. Accepting the Unacceptable—A New Nordic Approach to Reservations to Multilateral Treaties. Nordic Journal of International Law, Volume 69 Nomor 2 Februari 2000.
Kobayashi, Tomohiko. Revisiting the Legal Nature of “Un-Signing” an Unratified Treaty: Broader Implications of the U.S.’ Withdrawal from the TPP. Asian Journal of WTO & International Law and Policy, Volume 12 Nomor 2 Oktober 2017.
Merdekawati, Agustina dan Andi Sandi Ant.T.T. Law-Making Treaties: Form and Function in International Law. Nordic Journal of International Law, Volume 74 Nomor 3 Januari 2009
O, Graceva R. Russia and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Ratification Problems. European Journal of Natural History, Volume 1 Nomor 1 2016.
Taxman, Dyllan Moreno. Unratified Treaties and the Constitutionality of Signatory Obligations: A Conceptual Solution. The University of Memphis Law Review, Volume 50 Nomor 1 Januari 2020.
Vigorito, Rosaria. The Evolution and Establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC): A Selected Annotated Bibliography of Secondary Sources. International Journal of Legal Information, Volume 30 Nomor 1 2002.
Wenqi, Zhu. On Co-operation by States not Party to the International Criminal Court. International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 88 Nomor 61 Agustus 2006.
PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States), Merits, International Court of Justice Rep 14.
North Sea Continental Shelf Cases (Federal Republic of Germany v Denmark and Netherlands), International Court of Justice, Judgement of 20 February 1969.
Ocalan v. Turkey App No. 46221/99, European Court of Human Rights, 12 Maret 2003.
Prosecutor v. William Samoei Ruto and Joshua Arap Sang, ICC-01/09-01/II, Decision on Defence Applications for Judgements of Acquittal, 5 April 2016.
Statuta Roma.
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969.
INTERNET
International Criminal Court. ICC Prosecutor is working with the Russian Federation to promote justice for all victims of Georgian conflict – OTP and Russian Federation pledge co-operation at conclusion of Moscov visit. https://www.icc-cpi.int//Pages/item.aspx?name=pr505 [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
International Criminal Court. Joining the International Criminal Court. https://www.icc-cpi.int/Publications/Joining-Rome-Statute-Matters.pdf [Diakses 22 November 2020].
International Criminal Court. Report on programme performance of the International Criminal Court for the year 2009, Assembly of State Parties, ICC-ASP/9/7, Ninth session. https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP9/ICC-ASP-9-7-ENG.pdf#search=Russiapr505 [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
International Criminal Court. Situation in Georgia. https://www.icc-cpi.int/georgia. [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
International Criminal Court. Situation in Ukraine. https://www.icc-cpi.int/ukraine. [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
International Criminal Court. Statement by the Delegation of the Russian Federation (Observer State) at the Twelfth session of the Assembly of State Parties to Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. https://asp.icccpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP12/GenDeba/ICC-ASP12-GenDeba-Russia-ENG.pdf#search=russia [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
Kementerian Luar Negeri Federasi Rusia. Press Briefing by the Official Representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia on 21 July 2009. http://www.mid.ru/web/guest/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/798036 [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
Kementerian Luar Negeri Federasi Rusia. Situation in Georgia. Statement by the Russian Foreign Ministry. https://bit.ly/2UQZZkI. [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
Kementerian Luar Negeri Federasi Rusia. Statement by the Russian Foreign Ministry. https://bit.ly/2UQZZkI. [Diakses 22 November 2020].
Pecorella, Giulia. The relationship between Russia and the ICC and the US precedent: Do ‘great’ states act alike?.https://internationallaw.blog/2016/12/02/the-relationship-between-russia-and-the-icc-and-the-us-precedent-do-great-states-act-alike/#_ftn10 [Diakses 08 Desember 2020]
Presiden Federasi Rusia. Decree of the President of Russian Federation N394-rp. https://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/16051. [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
Sayapin, Sergey. Russia’s Withdrawal of Signature from the Rome Statute Would not Shield its Nationals from Potential Prosecution at the ICC. https://www.ejiltalk.org/russias-withdrawal-of-signature-from-the-rome-statute-would-not-shield-its-nationals-from-potential-prosecution-at-the-icc/ [Diakses 08 Desember 2020]
Segate, Riccardo Vecellio dan Olesya Dovgalyuk. From Russia and Beyond: The ICC Global Standing, While Countries’ Resignation is Getting Serious. https://bit.ly/36Z49wx [Diakses 22 November 2020].
Tuzmukhamedov, Bakhtiyar. Russia and the International Criminal Court: From Uncertain Engagement to Positive Disengagement. https://bit.ly/3qFCb1V [Diakses 08 Desember 2020]
United Nations. Communication with UN Secretary General. https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=XVIII-10&chapter=18〈=en#9. [Diakses 8 Desember 2020]
United Nations. United Nations Treaty Database Entry regarding the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. https://bit.ly/2KEQ542 [Diakses 25 November 2020].
United Nations. Withdrawal Depository Notifications C.N.805.2016.TREATIES-XVIII.10. https://bit.ly/3oPcTgn [Diakses 25 November 2020].
Vasiliev, Sergey dan Anna Ogorodova. Implementation of the Rome Statute in Russia. https://bit.ly/3oyxYv5 [Diakses 08 Desember 2020]
LAIN-LAIN
Harvard Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties.
Niina Anderson. (2001). Reservations and Objections to Multilateral Treaties on Human Rights. Thesis. University of Lund.
United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, Volume 11, A/CONF.183/13.
United Nations Human Rights Committee, CCPR General Comment No. 26: Continuity of Obligations, 8 December 1997.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Gerald Fitzmaurice, First Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/1SER.A/1956/Add.1.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Hersch Lauterpatch, First Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/SER.A/1953/Add.1
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, Humphrey Waldock, First Report on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc A/CN.4/SER.A/1962/Add. 1.
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, JL Brierly, Second Report: Revised Articles of the Draft Convention, UN Doc A/CN.4/SER.A/1051/Add.1
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/sc.v28i2.940
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIMBUR CAHAYA : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum
ISSN: 1410-0614 (Print)
e-ISSN: 2684-9941 (Online)
Published by :
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sriwijaya
Jl. Srijaya Negara, Bukit Besar, Ilir Barat I, Palembang, 30139
Telepon : +62711-580063 Fax : +62711-581179
Email : simburcahaya@fh.unsri.ac.id
Website : http://journal.fh.unsri.ac.id/index.php/simburcahaya
Jurnal Simbur Cahaya (SC) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.